Prioritize

Have an achievable goal. That will be your priority. Any other sidetracks are promises that can be achieved but should not be detrimental to the main goal's deadline.
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Deadline is a promise to accomplish the said main goal at predetermined time. Many stakeholders would be expecting the main goal to be completed so that the downline processes will not be disrupted.
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Once the main goal is achieved (or unachieved), proper closure should be implemented, e.g. writing of reports and future directions.
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Once a main goal is completed, any discoveries along the process can be noted and pursued in the next project.
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Hence prioritizing helps to ensure goals are achieved systematically and timely. If sidetracks are "really" promising, an alternative would be to delegate duties or collaborate. Whatever decisions should revolve around completing the main goal within deadlines.

Aims & Objectives

Briefly, aims are what we want to achieve. Objectives are how (approach) we are going to achieve those aims.
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Characteristics of aims and objectives are similar, such that they should be:
Concise
Interrelated
Achievable
Sound
Unambiguous

How to fix clogged microinjection needle

Having problem with clogged microinjection needle? There is a great method to spin clear the solution before backfilling/frontfilling the microinjection needle.
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Instead of spin clear the solution in tubes, I have found that using an end-sealed capillary tube or simple white tip does the trick. Load the sealed capillary/tip (as shown in Fig), then spin at max speed for >1 min. Next, use a microloader to aspirate and transfer the cleared solution into microinjection needle.
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That solution will be devoid of precipitate/gluey stuff, thus preventing clogging of microinjection needles.
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It is a great method to try in order to increase survival of injected embryos and preventing wasteful time on fixing clogged needles.
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Hope this helps.

Vapor & liquid phase of liquid nitrogen storage

At liquid phase the temperature is -196oC and at the gaseous phase, the temperature is at the range of 180 to 190oC.

Ice crystallization leads to freezing damage of biological materials that consist of water. To preserve the material with high viability, it is crucial to suppress formation of ice crystals. To do this, it is best to achieve vitrification (or glass state), aka liquid in the fourth state which behaves like solid with high viscosity, thus impeding crystal movement and growth.

At -80oC water forms hexagonal crystal, -130oC is  water recrystallization point that forms cubic crystals, and -150oC is when water forms glass state.

IgG concentration in tissue cell culture serum

Taken from this site.

What about inductive and deductive reasoning?

Inductive and deductive reasonings (see also abductive reasoning) are two ways to come up with an idea/conclusion. The process is called inference. 
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In inductive reasoning, we start off with a set of specific answers to specific questions and try to generalise these data to an idea/conclusion. It infers b (probable relation) from a (specific observations) often by persuasion.
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In deductive reasoning, we already have a set of general data. We try to glean meaning/conclusion from these data. It infers b (logical consequence) from a (assumptions of truth).
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References
1. https://en.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/Abductive_reasoning

Relationship between variables: correlation/association and causation

Hypothetical questions involve variables (or assigned variables). Hypotheses test the relation of these variables. There are two main types of relation: correlation/association and causation.
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Causation is more difficult to test as compared to correlation/association. In clinical trials, controlled experiments are designed to test causation whereby sampling of a population produces treated and untreated groups and the hypothetical question is whether a treatment will cause specified response. The variables are therefore (1) treatment and (2) response, whereby the sample is assumed to be similar.
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Several good reviews on the subject are the following:
1. https://www.psychologytoday.com/blog/all-about-addiction/201003/correlation-causation-and-association-what-does-it-all-mean