Inductive and deductive reasonings (see also abductive reasoning) are two ways to come up with an idea/conclusion. The process is called inference.
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In inductive reasoning, we start off with a set of specific answers to specific questions and try to generalise these data to an idea/conclusion. It infers b (probable relation) from a (specific observations) often by persuasion.
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In deductive reasoning, we already have a set of general data. We try to glean meaning/conclusion from these data. It infers b (logical consequence) from a (assumptions of truth).
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References
1. https://en.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/Abductive_reasoning
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